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The physical parameters necessary to fulfill the three classes of ASTM A500 Grade A square, rectangle, and special shaped tubing are listed below. A flattening test is not a standard requirement for A500 Grade A non-round tubing.
| Grade | Yield (min) | Tensile (min) | Elongation (min) |
| Grade A | 39,000 psi | 45,000 psi | Determined by wall |
Below are the physical properties required to meet the three grades that we produce ASTM A500 Grade A round tubing. A flattening test is also a standard requirement for round tubing produced to the A500 Grade A.
| Grade | Yield(min) | Tensile (min) | Elongation (min) |
| Grade A | 33,000 psi | 45,000 psi | Determined by wall |
| Element | Composition, % | |
| Heat analysis | Product analysis | |
| Carbon | 0.26 | 0.3 |
| Manganese | 1.35 | 1.4 |
| Phosphorus | 0.035 | 0.035 |
| Sulfur | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| Copper | 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 310MPa | 45000 psi | |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 230 MPa | 33400 psi | |
| Elongation at Break | 25% | 25% | in 50 mm (specified wall thickness 3.05 mm and larger) |
| Bulk Modulus | 160 GPa | 23200 ksi | Typical for steel |
| Shear Modulus | 80.0 GPa | 11600 ksi | Typical for steel |
| Physical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Density | 7.80 g/cc | 0.282 lb/in³ | Typical of ASTM Steel |
- ASTM A500 Grade A Round Structural Tubing
The outside diameter shall not vary more than 60.5 percent, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], from the specified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 1.900 in. [48 mm] and smaller, and 6 0.75 percent, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], for specified outside diameters 2.00 in. [5 cm] and larger. Outside diameter measurements should be taken at least 2 in. [5 cm] from the tubing’s ends.
- ASTM A500 Grade A Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing
The outside dimensions, measured across the flats at least 2 in. [5 cm] from the ends of the tubing, should not differ from the prescribed outside dimensions by more than the appropriate amount stated, which includes an allowance for convexity or concavity.
- Wall Thickness of ASTM A500 Grade A Pipes
The minimum wall thickness at any point of measurement on the ASTM A500 Grade A tube should not be less than 10% of the specified wall thickness. The maximum wall thickness of welded tubing, excluding the weld seam, shall be no more than 10% larger than the prescribed wall thickness.
The wall thickness standards for square and rectangular tubes shall apply only to the flats’ centers.
- Length of ASTM A500 Grade A Pipes
ASTM A500 Grade A Structural tubing is typically manufactured in random lengths of 5ft [1.5 m] or more, multiple lengths, and specialized lengths. Consult Section 4 for more information. When ordering particular lengths, the length tolerance must be in compliance.
- Straightness of ASTM A500 Grade A Pipes
The allowed deviation for ASTM A500 Grade A structural tube straightness shall be 1/8in. times the number of feet [10 mm times the number of meters] divided by 5.
- Squareness of Sides of ASTM A500 Grade A Pipes
For ASTM A500 Grade A square and rectangular structural tubing, adjacent sides shall be square (90°), with a permissible variation of 62°max.
- Radius of Corners of ASTM A500 Grade A Pipes
Each outer corner radius of a square or rectangular structural tubing section shall not be larger than three times the required wall thickness.
- Twist of ASTM A500 Grade A Pipes
The allowed twist variations in ASTM A500 Grade A square and rectangular structural tubing are listed in the standard. The twist is calculated by placing one end of the tubing on a flat surface plate, measuring the height that each corner on the bottom side of the tubing extends above the surface plate near the opposite ends of the tubing, and calculating the twist (the difference in heights of such corners), except that for heavier sections, a suitable measuring device may be used to determine twist. Twist measures must be obtained at least 2 inches (5 cm) from the tubing’s ends.
• Bar Coding—In addition to the standards in (1) and (2), the manufacturer must be able to use bar coding as an additional way of identification. When a purchase order specifies a certain bar-coding system, that system must be used.
NOTE—In the absence of a purchase order specifying a different bar-coding method, it is suggested that bar coding adhere to AIAG Standard B-1.
