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| Standard | ASTM A500 – Cold Formed Square Hollow Sections Pipes |
| Grade | ASTM A500 Grade D |
| Wall Thickness | 0.5mm – 25mm |
| Length | 6000-14000 mm |
| Type | Seamless/ Welded / ERW / EFW |
| Dimensional Tolerances | Thickness: (All sizes +/- 10%) |
| Surface Protection | Black (Self Colored uncoated), Varnish/Oil Coating, Pre-Galvanized, Hot Dip Galvanized |
| Typical Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter | |
| Specified Outside Large Flat Dimension, in. [mm] | Permissible Variations Over and Under Specified Outside Flat Dimensions, * in. [mm] |
| 2.500 [65] or under | 0.020 [0.5] |
| Over 2.500 to 3.500 [65 to 90], incl. | 0.025 [0.6] |
| Over 3.500 to 5.500 [90 to 140], incl. | 0.030 [0.8] |
| Over 5.500 [140] | 0.01 times large flat dimension |
| Round Structural Tubing | |
| Steel Grade | Grade D |
| Tensile strength, mn, ps (MPa) |
58 000
(400)
|
| Yield strength, mn, psi (MPa) |
36 000
(250)
|
| Elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm), min, %A | 23C |
| Shaped Structural Tubing | |
| Steel Grade | Grade D |
| Tensile strength, mn, ps (MPa) |
58 000 (400) |
| Yield strength, mn, psi (MPa) |
36 000 (250) |
| Elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm), min, %A | 23C |
| * Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t) equal to or greater than 0.120″. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be calculated by the formula: % elongation in 2″ = 56t+17.5, rounded to the nearest percent. | |
| ** Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t) equal to or greater than 0.180″. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be calculated by the formula: % elongation in 2″ = 61t+12, rounded to the nearest percent. | |
| *** Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t) equal to or greater than 0.120″. For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be by agreement with the manufacturer. | |
| Typical Chemical Properties | ||
| Chemistry (%) | ASTM A500 | |
| Grade D | ||
| Heat Analysis | Product Analysis | |
| Carbon* | 0.26 Max | 0.30 Max |
| Manganese* | 1.35 Max | 1.40 Max |
| Phosphorus | 0.035 Max | .045 Max |
| Sulphur | 0.035 Max | .045 Max |
| Copper** | 0.20 Min | 0.18 Min |
| * For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum for carbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum for manganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50% by heat analysis and 1.60% by product analysis | ||
| ** If copper containing steel is specified in the purchase order | ||
- Outside Dimensions of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
ASTM A500 Grade D Round Structural Tubing
The outside diameter shall not deviate more than 60.5 percent, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], from the specified outside diameter for specified outside diameters of 1.900 in. [48 mm] and less, and 60.75 percent, rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm], for specified outside diameters of 2.00in. [5 cm]. Outside diameter measurements must be made at a distance of at least two inches [five centimeters] from the tube ends.
ASTM A500 Grade D Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing
Outside dimensions, as measured across the flats at least 2in. [5cm] from the tube ends, shall not differ by more than the tolerance for convexity or concavity.
- Wall Thickness of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
At any point of measurement, the minimum wall thickness of the ASTM A500 Grade D tube shall not be less than 10% of the specified wall thickness. The maximum wall thickness of welded tubing shall not exceed 10% of the required wall thickness, excluding the weld seam.
Square and rectangular tube wall thickness specifications must be applied entirely to the flats’ centers.
- Length of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
Structural tubing is frequently made in random lengths of more than 5ft [1.5m], multiple lengths, and specialty lengths. Consult Section 4. When ordering certain lengths, compliance with the length tolerance is required.
- Straightness of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
For ASTM A500 Grade D structural tubes, the permissible variation must be 1/8in. times the number of feet [10 mm times the number of meters] divided by 5.
- Squareness of Sides of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
The adjacent sides of ASTM A500 Grade D square and rectangular structural tubes must be square (90°), with a maximum deviation of 62° permitted.
- Radius of Corners of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
Each outer corner radius of a square or rectangular structural tubing segment should not exceed three times the wall thickness necessary.
- Twist of ASTM A500 Grade D Pipes
Allowable twist variations in ASTM A500 Grade D square and rectangular structural tubing shall be as specified in the standard. Twist shall be determined by clamping one end of the tubing to a flat surface plate, measuring the height of each corner on the bottom side of the tubing above the surface plate near the opposite ends of the tubing, and calculating the twist (the difference in the heights of such corners), with the exception that for heavier sections, a suitable measuring device may be used to determine twist. Twist measurements must not be taken within two inches [five centimeters] of the tubing’s ends.
• Bar Coding—In addition to the standards in (1) and (2), the manufacturer must be able to use bar coding as an additional way of identification. When a purchase order specifies a certain bar-coding system, that system must be used.
NOTE—In the absence of a purchase order specifying a different bar-coding method, it is suggested that bar coding adhere to AIAG Standard B-1.
