ASTM A500 is the standard specification for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing, available in round, square, and rectangular profiles. Known for its versatility, strength, and ease of fabrication, A500 Grade B is widely used across structural and mechanical applications.
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Specifications
Standard: ASTM A500 Grade B
Shapes: Round, square, rectangular
Mechanical Properties:
Brinell Hardness: ~63
Tensile Strength: ~58,000 psi
Yield Strength: ~46,000 psi
Key Advantages
Excellent weldability
Easy to cut, form, and machine
High strength-to-weight ratio
Typical Applications
Structural frames
Roll cages
Truck racks
Trailers
Railings and guardrails
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Typical Chemical Properties of ASTM A500 Tubing
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Grades A, B, and D – Heat analysis
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Grades A, B, and D – Product analysis
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Grade C – Heat analysis
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Grade C – Product analysis
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Carbon, maximum %
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0.26
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0.3
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0.23
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0.27
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Manganese, maximum %
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1.35
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1.4
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1.35
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1.4
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Phosphorous, maximum, %
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0.035
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0.045
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0.035
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0.045
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Sulfur, maximum, %
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0.035
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0.045
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0.035
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0.045
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Copper, minimum (if Copper-containing steel is specified in the purchase order) %
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0.2
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0.18
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0.2
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0.18
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Typical Mechanical Properties ofASTM A500 Tubing
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Round Structural Tubing
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Grade A
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Grade B
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Grade C
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Grade D
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Tensile Strength, Minimum, psi [Mpa]
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45,000 [310]
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58,000 [400]
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62,000 [425]
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58,000 [400]
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Yield Strength, Minimum, psi [Mpa]
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33,000 [230]
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42,000 [290]
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46,000 [315]
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36,000 [250]
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Shaped Structural Tubing
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Grade A
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Grade B
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Grade C
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Grade D
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Tensile Strength, Minimum, psi [Mpa]
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45,000 [310]
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58,000 [400]
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62,000 [425]
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58,000 [400]
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Yield Strength, Minimum, psi [Mpa]
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39,000 [270]
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46,000 [315]
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50,000 [345]
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36,000 [250]
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Typical Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness
For ASTM A500 tubing, the wall thickness at any point of measurement must not be more than 10% below the specified value. The maximum wall thickness, excluding the weld seam in welded tubing, must not exceed 10% above the specified value. For square and rectangular tubing, these tolerances apply only to the center of the flats.
Round vs. Square vs. Rectangular ASTM A500 Tubing
All three shapes—round, square, and rectangular—share the same material composition and performance standards under ASTM A500. The key differences lie in cross-sectional shape and common usage:
Square Tubing: Predominantly used in construction and machinery manufacturing for its balance of strength and ease of fabrication.
Rectangular Tubing: Common in fluid transport pipelines, mechanical parts manufacturing, engineering structures, and even specialized applications like firearms and artillery.
Square vs. Round: Square tubing offers higher compressive strength, lower weight, and a broader range of structural applications compared to round tubing.
For more: ASTM A500B Tube
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