English
Español
Tel : +86-0731-85716039
Email :
API 5L is the international standard for pipeline transportation of oil and natural gas. The levels are PSL-1 and PSL-2. PSL-1 levels have less stringent test requirements, while PSL-2 levels have stricter quality control requirements. PSL-1 levels are used for pipes that will be transported at low pressure, while PSL-2 levels are used for pipes that will be transported at higher pressure.
The main difference between the two levels is that PSL-2 levels require more testing of the pipe’s properties. This includes tests for mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation), as well as chemical properties (composition and impurities). In addition, PSL-2 levels have a more stringent requirement for the frequency of testing. As a result, pipes that meet PSL-2 levels are considered to be of higher quality than those that meet PSL-1 levels.
- Chemical Composition for API 5L X52 PSL 1 pipe with t ≤ 0.984”
| Steel Grade | Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses a,g | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | |
| max b | max b | max | max | max | max | max | |
| Welded Pipe | |||||||
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | d | d | d |
a. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni; ≤ 0.50%; Cr ≤ 0.50%; and Mo ≤ 0.15%,
b. For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum concentration for carbon, an increase of 0.05% above the specified maximum concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a maximum of 1.65% for grades ≥ L245 or B, but ≤ L360 or X52; up to a maximum of 1.75% for grades > L360 or X52, but < L485 or X70; and up to a maximum of 2.00% for grade L485 or X70.,
c. Unless otherwise agreed NB + V ≤ 0.06%,
d. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%,
e. Unless otherwise agreed.,
f. Unless otherwise agreed, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%,
g. No deliberate addition of B is permitted and the residual B ≤ 0.001%
- Chemical Composition for API 5L X52 PSL 2 Pipe with t ≤ 0.984”
| Steel Grade | Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses | Carbon Equiv a | |||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | Other | CE IIW | CE Pcm | |
| max b | max | max b | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | ||
| Welded Pipe | |||||||||||
| X52M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | d | d | d | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 |
a. SMLS t>0.787”, CE limits shall be as agreed. The CEIIW limits applied if C > 0.12% and the CEPcm limits apply if C ≤ 0.12%,
b. For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum for C, an increase of 0.05% above the specified maximum for Mn is permissible, up to a maximum of 1.65% for grades ≥ L245 or B, but ≤ L360 or X52; up to a maximum of 1.75% for grades > L360 or X52, but < L485 or X70; up to a maximum of 2.00% for grades ≥ L485 or X70, but ≤ L555 or X80, and up to a maximum of 2.20% for grades > L555 or X80.,
c. Unless otherwise agreed Nb = V ≤ 0.06%,
d. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%,
e. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% and Mo ≤ 0.15%,
f. Unless otherwise agreed,
g. Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%,
h. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
i. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
j. B ≤ 0.004%,
k. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55%, and MO ≤ 0.80%,
l. For all PSL 2 pipe grades except those grades with footnotes j noted, the following applies. Unless otherwise agreed no intentional addition of B is permitted and residual B ≤ 0.001%.
- Mechanical Properties for API 5L X52 PSL-1 Pipe
| Pipe Grade | Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 1 | Seam of Welded Pipe | ||
| Yield Strength a | Tensile Strength a | Elongation | Tensile Strength b | |
| Rt0,5 PSI Min | Rm PSI Min | (in 2in Af % min) | Rm PSI Min | |
| X52 | 52,200 | 66,700 | c | 66,700 |
| a. For intermediate grade, the difference between the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield for the pipe body shall be as given for the next higher grade. | ||||
| b. For the intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same as determined for the body using footnote a. | ||||
| c. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be determined using the following equation: | ||||
|
||||
| Where C is 1 940 for calculation using Si units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units | ||||
| Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches), as follows | ||||
| – For circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces. | ||||
| – For full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) | ||||
| – For strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) | ||||
|
U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch) |
- Mechanical Properties for API 5L X52 PSL-2 Pipe
| Pipe Grade | Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 2 | Seam of Welded Pipe | |||||
| Yield Strength a | Tensile Strength a | Ratio a, c | Elongation | Tensile Strength d | |||
| Rt0,5 PSI Min | Rm PSI Min | R10,5IRm | (in 2in) | Rm (psi) | |||
| Af % | |||||||
| Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum | Maximum | Minimum | Minimum | |
| X52N, X52Q, X52M | 52,200 | 76,900 | 66,700 | 110,200 | 0.93 | f | 66,700 |
| a. For intermediate grade, refer to the full API5L specification. | |||||||
| b. for grades > X90 refers to the full API5L specification. | |||||||
| c. This limit applies for pies with D> 12.750 in | |||||||
| d. For intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same value as was determined for the pipe body using foot a. | |||||||
| e. for pipe requiring longitudinal testing, the maximum yield strength shall be ≤ 71,800 psi | |||||||
| f. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be determined using the following equation: | |||||||
|
|
|||||||
| Where C is 1 940 for calculation using Si units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units | |||||||
| Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches), as follows | |||||||
| – For circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces. | |||||||
| – For full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) | |||||||
| – For strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) | |||||||
| U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch | |||||||
| g. Lower values fo R10,5IRm may be specified by agreement | |||||||
| h. for grades > x90 refers to the full API5L specification. |
One important consideration before purchasing an API 5L X52 line pipe is its diameter and size. The dimensions and masses of API 5L X52 line pipes are specified in ISO 4200 and ASME B36.10M. These standards provide a guide for different diameter pipes and specify the wall thickness of each size. To check if a particular pipe meets the required standards, refer to these tables. Doing so will help to ensure that the pipe is the right diameter and has the correct wall thickness. Additionally, it is important to check that the length of the pipe meets the required specifications. Purchasing a pipe that does not meet the standards can result in delays and added costs. Therefore, it is important to consult the relevant standards before purchasing an API 5L line pipe.
| O.D. Tolerance | W.T. Tolerance | ||
| X52 | |||
| D ＜ 60.3mm | +0.41/-0.40mm | D ＜ 73mm | +15%/-12.5% |
| D ≥ 60.3m | +0.75/-0.40mm | D ≥ 73mm | +15%/-12.5% |
API 5L X52 Pipe, both seamless and welded, is either loose or in bundles that are fastened with iron strips. Special packaging: Metal or wooden cases, pallets, and so on. Plastic caps, bundles up to 2.000 kg with several steel strips, Two tags on each bundle, Wrapped in waterproof paper, PVC sleeve, and sackcloth with several steel strips, Plastic caps.
Both sides of each container will include the order number, heat number, dimensions, weight, bundles or other information as specified. We can also provide customized packaging for API 5L X52 Pipe based on the needs of the customer.
Export packaging is designed to protect, handle, and transport API 5L X52 Pipe via air or sea freight, and as such, it has many features with export and transport packing. Extreme care must also be made to ensure that foreign packing is acceptable for long-term storage. It is critical that overseas packaging be constructed with ease of handling in mind to guarantee API 5L X52 Pipe is handled with the highest care at all times.
| PSL | Delivery Condition | Pipe Grade |
| PSL1 | As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized, and tempered | X52 |
| PSL2 | Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized or normalized, and tempered | X52N |
API 5L line pipes offer a number of advantages over regular pipes, including quality, certified control, testing, and service life. Quality is ensured through rules and regulations that must be followed during manufacture. Certified control helps to ensure that the finished product meets international standards. Testing ensures that the finished product meets the required quality standards. The service life of API 5L line pipes is longer than that of regular pipes due to the higher quality of materials and workmanship. As a result, API 5L line pipes are a better choice for critical applications where quality and performance are essential.
- Hydrostatic Test
A hydrostatic test is a pressure test of a pipe during its production. The hydrostatic test is used to ensure that the pipe and its weld seam can withstand the pressure that will be applied to it in service. The hydrostatic test is conducted by filling the pipe with water and applying pressure to the water inside the pipe. The hydrostatic test pressure is typically 50% higher than the maximum operating pressure of the pipe. If the hydrostatic test pressure is applied for a period of time without any leaks, then the pipe is considered to have passed the hydrostatic test. If there are any leaks, then the hydrostatic test is failed and the pipe must be repaired or replaced.
- Bending Test
A bending test during pipe production is a quality control measure to ensure that the steel pipes being produced are of the correct dimensions and meet industry standards. To perform a bending test, a sample piece of pipe is placed in a jig and bent to a specified angle. The steel is then inspected for cracks or other defects. If the sample meets the standards, the steel used in the production of the pipes is deemed to be of good quality and suitable for use. If the steel does not meet the standards, it is rejected and new steel must be sourced. The bending test is an important quality control measure that helps to ensure that only pipes of the highest quality are produced.
- Flattening Test
A flattening test is a type of destructive testing used during the production of steel line pipes. The test is used to assess the steel’s ability to withstand deformation without cracking or breaking. To conduct the test, a piece of sample steel pipe is placed on a flattening machine. The machine slowly applies pressure to the pipe, causing it to deform. The steel is then inspected for cracks or other signs of stress. The results of the flattening test can help manufacturers determine whether a particular steel grade is suitable for use in pipeline construction.
- CVN Impact Test
A CVN impact test is a test used during the production of pipes to determine the temperature at which the pipe will become brittle. The test is performed by cooling a sample of the pipe to a specific temperature. The temperature at which the pipe becomes brittle is then recorded. The CVN impact test is important because it allows manufacturers to test pipe strength under specific temperatures. This temperature is regulated by the American Petroleum Institute (API) in their specification for Line Pipe (API 5L).
- DWT Test for PSL-2 Welded Pipe
In the pipe production industry, the DWTT test is an essential quality control measure. The acronym DWTT stands for “drop-weight tear test.” As the name suggests, the test involves dropping a weight onto a sample of pipe to simulate the effects of an impact. The sample is then inspected for any signs of damage. The DWTT test is especially important for large diameter pipes, as they are more likely to be exposed to impact during transportation and installation. According to the standards set by API 5L, all large diameter pipes must pass the DWTT test to be considered fit for use.
NOTE1: At or above the test temperature, such shear-fracture area assures a suitably ductile fracture.
NOTE2: In gas pipelines, an appropriate combination of shear-fracture area and CVN absorbed energy is an essential pipe-body feature for avoiding brittle fracture propagation and controlling ductile fracture propagation (see Annex G and Table20).
