Prevención y defectos de calidad de las tuberías de pozos petroleros

Las tuberías para pozos de petróleo se utilizan ampliamente en la industria del petróleo y el gas, y los defectos de calidad pueden tener un impacto grave en la finalización del proyecto. Hoy, discutiremos en detalle los defectos de calidad y la prevención de las tuberías de los pozos de petróleo.

Defectos de calidad de las tuberías de pozos de petróleo:

Los defectos de calidad de las tuberías de pozos de petróleo provienen principalmente de tres aspectos:

- Defectos de calidad en el propio cuerpo de la tubería del pozo de petróleo.

- Defectos de calidad causados ​​durante el procesamiento de tuberías de pozos petroleros.

- Rendimiento de las tuberías de pozos petroleros (rendimiento antiextrusión, resistencia a la corrosión, rendimiento de perforación, rendimiento antiatasco, etc.)

Prevención de defectos de calidad en tuberías de pozos de petróleo:

Durante el procesamiento de tuberías de pozos petroleros, las roscas pueden tener defectos de calidad, como hebillas negras, desviaciones de la rosca, roscas rotas, protuberancias (protuberancias) y parámetros de la rosca. Los detalles son los siguientes:

(1) Hebilla de cuero negro roscada

La hebilla de cuero negro roscada muestra que la cantidad de procesamiento local de la hebilla roscada es demasiado pequeña y parece "suave", lo que está relacionado con la precisión, la ovalidad y la rectitud del diámetro exterior y el espesor de la pared del extremo del tubo de acero. La aparición de hebillas de cuero negro en el cuerpo de la tubería a menudo se debe al pequeño diámetro exterior de la tubería, al extremo de la tubería no es lo suficientemente recto o a la elipse es demasiado grande. La hebilla de cuero negro del acoplamiento generalmente se debe a que el diámetro exterior del tubo de acero es demasiado grande, la pared del tubo es demasiado negativa o la ovalidad es demasiado grande.

(2) Pared lateral roscada

The deviated wall of the threaded buckle means that after the steel pipe is threaded, the wall thickness on one side is uneven and the other side is thicker. The reason for the deviation of the thread wall is similar to that of the threaded black leather buckle. It is caused by uneven wall thickness, bending or excessive ellipse at the end of the steel pipe. Sometimes when the thread processing is biased or the processing volume control is unreasonable, the thickness tolerance of the bottom wall of the thread may be too large, seriously affecting the connection strength of the oil well pipe.

(3) Disconnection

When the thread comb cuts the thread at high speed and force, once the thread end collapses and "falls off", it will cause thread breakage. usually. Broken buckles are mainly caused by large non-metallic inclusions in the steel, and are also related to the quality of the wire comb and the stability of the threading process.

(4) Thread damage

Oil well pipe thread damage includes bumps and scratches. It is generated during the production, transportation and storage of finished products. In order to prevent the exposed threads of the oil well pipe from being bumped, crushed, and rusted, in addition to ensuring that the threads do not collide with hard objects (such as conveying rollers, tilted grates, etc.), tighten the outer protective ring body threads with internal threads. The inner protective ring with external thread is screwed onto the coupling thread.

(5) Thread parameters exceed standards

Thread processing is the most important process in the production of oil well pipes, and it is also a key process that determines the thread quality of oil well pipes. At present, most oil well pipe thread processing uses special CNC machine tools. When processing threads, the workpiece is automatically centered and floating clamped. The thread processing tools use carbide tools, and the spindle speed is continuously variable.

Various parameters of the thread (pitch diameter, thread height, taper, pitch, thread angle, close pitch, etc.) will affect the connection strength and sealing performance of the thread. Thread tightness is the comprehensive value of the fluctuations of individual parameters of the thread. Even if individual parameters of the thread are qualified, the tight pitch may not be qualified.

The accuracy of various thread parameters is not only related to the quality of the tube blank. It is also related to the thread processing method, the type of machine tool and the stability of the processing process, as well as the dimensional accuracy and wear resistance of the thread comb. All other things being equal, the dimensional accuracy of the wire comb determines the accuracy of the wire size. Generally, the dimensional tolerance of thread combs is required to be only 1/3 to 1/4 of the product tolerance, or even higher.

(6) Torque and J value exceed the standard

Oil casing torque refers to the make-up torque generated when the coupling and pipe body are tightened. The purpose of controlling the torque is to ensure the connection strength between the coupling and the pipe body and the contact pressure stress on the thread side is large enough, and to use the corresponding thread sealant to prevent oil and casing leakage. For API standard threads, the J value represents the distance from the pipe end to the center of the coupling after tightening the coupling and the pipe body. It is one of the important parameters that determines the quality of the threaded connection.

(7) Leakage

To avoid leakage caused by insufficient contact pressure between the oil and casing oil, the casing body and the coupling thread, the oil and casing with couplings shall be subjected to hydrostatic tests according to standards. Leakage in the threads connecting the pipe body and coupling is related to factors such as thread type and quality, oil, casing tightening, and thread sealant quality. In terms of buckle type, the sealing performance of round threads is better than that of trapezoidal threads, and special threads are better. High-precision thread shape and reasonable oil and casing tightening torque are beneficial to improving the sealing performance of the thread. Thread sealant lubricates and fills thread gaps (seals).